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GBThe GuardianEuropean Union

Anxiety over war, wildfires and cyber-attacks leads to growth in cash stocks in EU

Value of banknotes in circulation rises from €1tn in 2016 to €1.6tn in 2026 as people advised to keep stash of cash The number of banknotes in circulation in the EU is increasing despite widespread smartphone payments, new data shows, with wildfires ripping through parts of Europe fuelling demand for an emergency stash of cash. While cash plays second fiddle to contactless payments in many cities across Europe, the a

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Ledger record
#1275
First seen
21 Aug 2026, 04:34 UTC
Last checked
21 Aug 2026, 15:20 UTC
Version history
2 versions
Current fingerprint
cbe29041e6c3...a524a7
01

Publisher layer

Recorded article metadata

Publisher
The Guardian
Country
England / United Kingdom
Source published
21 Aug 2026, 04:00 UTC
Source updated
No update timestamp supplied
Byline
Lisa O’Carroll Senior correspondent
Section
European Union
Source-supplied excerpt
Value of banknotes in circulation rises from €1tn in 2016 to €1.6tn in 2026 as people advised to keep stash of cash The number of banknotes in circulation in the EU is increasing despite widespread smartphone payments, new data shows, with wildfires ripping through parts of Europe fuelling demand for an emergency stash of cash. While cash plays second fiddle to contactless payments in many cities across Europe, the a
02

Change layer

Observed version timeline

  1. 2
    Revision observed

    Anxiety over war, wildfires and cyber-attacks leads to growth in cash stocks in EU

    Value of banknotes in circulation rises from €1tn in 2016 to €1.6tn in 2026 as people advised to keep stash of cash The number of banknotes in circulation in the EU is increasing despite widespread smartphone payments, new data shows, with wildfires ripping through parts of Europe fuelling demand for an emergency stash of cash. While cash plays second fiddle to contactless payments in many cities across Europe, the a

    Changed fieldsdescriptionTextcontentText
    Version SHA-256
    cbe29041e6c3...a524a7
    Capture SHA-256
    f91630769c61...e262df
  2. 1
    Initial capture

    Anxiety over war, wildfires and cyber-attacks leads to growth in cash stocks in EU

    Value of banknotes in circulation rises from €1bn in 2016 to €1.6bn in 2026 as people advised to keep stash of cash The number of banknotes in circulation in the EU is increasing despite widespread smartphone payments, new data shows, with wildfires ripping through parts of Europe fuelling demand for an emergency stash of cash. While cash plays second fiddle to contactless payments in many cities across Europe, the a

    Changed fieldstitlebylinedescriptionTextcontentTextsourcePublishedAtsourceUpdatedAtsectionimageUrltags
    Version SHA-256
    bdb748c80953...dc87dd
    Capture SHA-256
    dd0da1d00bb6...4d446f
03

Interpretation layer

Labels with declared origins

Not an adjudication.

Publisher categories are copied from source metadata. Machine signals report observable wording or format and do not determine truth, intent, ethics, or wrongdoing.

  • machine content-type Reported news observable-rules-v1 / 70% rule confidence
  • publisher category Cybercrime rss-category
  • publisher category Europe rss-category
  • publisher category European Union rss-category
  • publisher category Internet rss-category
  • publisher category Mobile phones rss-category
  • publisher category Money rss-category
  • publisher category Technology rss-category
  • publisher category Wildfires rss-category
  • publisher category World news rss-category
04

Public response layer

Reception snapshots

No reviewed reception capture yet.

Comment counts and samples remain absent until a lawful, source-specific capture method is reviewed. Absence is recorded instead of estimated.

05

Evidence layer

Capture provenance

Capture ID
#797
Observed
21 Aug 2026, 09:49 UTC
HTTP result
200 / parsed
Raw payload
462,095 bytes, private gzip evidence
Collector
news-ledger/0.1
Public boundary
metadata and excerpt